Current Kilauea Volcano Eruption Update 
  Current Eruption Status and Photos of
Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

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Updated 3/24/2008

Lava falls onto East Lae`apuki lava delta, Kilauea volcano, Hawai`i

Come visit the most active Volcano in the World.  To see a REAL Volcano is a spectacular sight.   We advise you to always check in at the Visitor Center of the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park to get up to the minute current eruption updates.  The friendly rangers will gladly tell you where to go and how to view lava safely. 

Volcano Live Camera : Kilauea Volcano Pu`u `O`o Live Camera

Kilauea Volcano Time Lapse Movies:
| Pu`u `O`o Crater | Pu`u `O`o Flank Vents | Flow Field | Ocean Entry |

29 March 2008

Halema`uma`u plume color reverts to white

View of Halema`uma`u from the Jaggar Museum overlook at 4 p.m.  The plume color switched from brown to white about 24 hrs ago and has been mainly white since.  The white plume still carries ash, but the rock fragments are hydrothermally altered lava that is white in color.
 
Close-up of the vent and the base of the plume.
 
Left. View of Halema`uma`u from the Jaggar Museum overlook at 4 p.m. The plume color switched from brown to white about 24 hrs ago and has been mainly white since. The white plume still carries ash, but the rock fragments are hydrothermally altered lava that is white in color. Right. Close-up of the vent and the base of the plume.

28 March 2008

Ash-laden plume roils from Halema`uma`u and lava continues to enter the ocean

View of Halema`uma`u plume from Steaming Bluffs captures rainbow in the early morning light.
 
View of Halema`uma`u plume from Steaming Bluffs captures rainbow in the early morning light.
Aerial views of Halema`uma`u.  Ash-laden plume billows from the new vent on the south wall of the crater.
 
Aerial views of Halema`uma`u.  Ash-laden plume billows from the new vent on the south wall of the crater.
 
Aerial views of Halema`uma`u. Ash-laden plume billows from the new vent on the south wall of the crater.
Rising plume hugs the south wall of Halema`uma`u crater adjacent to the former overlook--the fenced area on the rim.  Much of the fence was destroyed in the March 19 explosion.
 
 The plume drifts over the deserted Halema`uma`u parking lot, which is now coated in brown ash.
 
Left. Rising plume hugs the south wall of Halema`uma`u crater adjacent to the former overlook--the fenced area on the rim. Much of the fence was destroyed in the March 19 explosion. Right. The plume drifts over the deserted Halema`uma`u parking lot, which is now coated in brown ash.
Smoke rises immediately makai of the coastal road, where the flow continues to nibble away at the large kipuka. The Ki entry is in the foreground.
 
Three steam plumes rise from the active ocean entries.  The closest plume is from the Ki entry; the far plumes are both from the Waikupanaha entry. The visitor overlook is visible on the far left.
 
Left. Smoke rises immediately makai of the coastal road, where the flow continues to nibble away at the large kipuka. The Ki entry is in the foreground. Right. Three steam plumes rise from the active ocean entries. The closest plume is from the Ki entry; the far plumes are both from the Waikupanaha entry. The visitor overlook is visible on the far left.
A skylight in the main lava tube at the top of the pali reveals the lava stream that is feeding the ocean entries in the distance.
 
Close-up of a skylight on coastal plain, with lava stalactites forming on the roof of the tube.
 
Left. A skylight in the main lava tube at the top of the pali reveals the lava stream that is feeding the ocean entries in the distance. Right. Close-up of a skylight on coastal plain, with lava stalactites forming on the roof of the tube.

27 March 2008

   ALL IN A DAY'S WORK....
Halema`uma`u ash-free plume at 8:00 a.m., close-up view of the 35m-across vent, then ash-propelled reddish-brown plume at 4:20 p.m.

View of Halema`uma`u from the Jaggar Museum overlook at 4 p.m., showing the white, largely ash-free plume that prevailed from about 8 a.m. until 4:20 p.m. on the 27th.  During this time, the vent intermittently ejected small pieces of spatter.
 
View of Halema`uma`u from the Jaggar Museum overlook at 4 p.m., showing the white, largely ash-free plume that prevailed from about 8 a.m. until 4:20 p.m. on the 27th. During this time, the vent intermittently ejected small pieces of spatter.
Close-up of the vent, which is about 35 m across.  One of the primary components in volcanic gas is water. Right at the vent, the plume is transparent, because it is very hot and the water is in vapor form.  A short distance above the vent, however, the plume cools and the water vapor condenses into tiny droplets.  This makes the plume an opaque white, just like regular clouds in the sky.
 
At approximately 4:20 p.m., the plume turned reddish brown, as it again began to loft ash--composed mainly of rock fragments--from the vent.  A small rockfall from the sides of the conduit could be the cause.
 
Left. Close-up of the vent, which is about 35 m across. One of the primary components in volcanic gas is water. Right at the vent, the plume is transparent, because it is very hot and the water is in vapor form. A short distance above the vent, however, the plume cools and the water vapor condenses into tiny droplets. This makes the plume an opaque white, just like regular clouds in the sky.Right. At approximately 4:20 p.m., the plume turned reddish brown, as it again began to loft ash--composed mainly of rock fragments--from the vent. A small rockfall from the sides of the conduit could be the cause.

26 March 2008

Lava streams into the ocean, and the solidified lava cascade over the old sea cliff

Lava streams into the ocean at the Ki entry, as seen from the lava viewing trail.
 
A recent solidified cascade of lava over the old sea cliff, just above the Ki ocean entry.
 
Left. Lava streams into the ocean at the Ki entry, as seen from the lava viewing trail. Right. A recent solidified cascade of lava over the old sea cliff, just above the Ki ocean entry.

 

24 March 2008

PRESS RELEASE - Halema`uma`u gas plume becomes ash-laden

Ash-rich plume in Halema`uma`u and damaged Halema`uma`u overlook

View of the ash-rich plume in Halema`uma`u from the northeast side of Kilauea Caldera.
 
View of the ash-rich plume in Halema`uma`u from the southeast side of Kilauea Caldera. Note the ash fallout down-wind of the plume.
 
Left. View of the ash-rich plume in Halema`uma`u from the northeast side of Kilauea Caldera.Right. View of the ash-rich plume in Halema`uma`u from the southeast side of Kilauea Caldera. Note the ash fallout down-wind of the plume.
View of the ash-rich plume from the northwest side Halema`uma`u. The Halema`uma`u overlook is visible, though not obvious, on top of the cliff to the left of the plume.
 
View of the damaged Halema`uma`u overlook with the plume behind. The plume is coming from a vent directly beneath the overlook.
 
Left. View of the ash-rich plume from the northwest side Halema`uma`u. The Halema`uma`u overlook is visible, though not obvious, on top of the cliff to the left of the plume.Right. View of the damaged Halema`uma`u overlook with the plume behind. The plume is coming from a vent directly beneath the overlook.

 

COUNTY BULLETIN BOARD

Kalapana Safe Viewing Program Has Daily Telephone Hotline Updates

Hawai`i County Civil Defense has set up a new telephone hotline to provide daily updates on viewing at the Kalapana Safe Viewing site.

The lava hotline phone number is 961-8093, which lets you know the lava viewing hours for the day ahead.  The lava hotline automated message is updated every day at 10 a.m.

The Kalapana Safe Viewing program at the volcanic eruption site is a wonderful natural attraction, and the County Civil Defense Agency wants all visitors to enjoy the experience in safety and comfort.

With that in mind, we encourage visitors to prepare not only for sunny days at the lava viewing sight but also for rain.  Please note that there are no shelters at the site in case of rain.

For your comfort and convenience, please prepare for rain keeping in mind any trip hazard:

·        An umbrella and/or

·        Windbreaker or raincoat

Visitors are also strongly advised to take the following gear for both safety and comfort:

·        Bottled water (2-3 quarts or liters per person)

·        Sturdy closed boots or shoes and socks

·        Flashlight (1 per person) and fresh batteries

·        Long pants

·        Sun hat and sunscreen

·        Binoculars (optional)

Visitors are allowed entry to the viewing area every day from 2 p.m., with the last vehicles admitted at 8:00 p.m. This will allow officials to ensure that everybody is out of the area by 10 p.m. The viewing area is closed between 10 pm and 2 pm.  This schedule is subject to change; hazardous conditions may require changes to the schedule or closure.

Visitors are reminded to obey all the warning signs and stay within the allowed areas to ensure their safety. The newly formed lava and black sand beach are extremely unstable, and can collapse into the ocean at any time. Visitors must stay well away from the volcanic steam clouds which contain hydrochloric acid and glass particles.

Please note:  There is no cell phone coverage in the viewing area.

We ask that visitors show the greatest courtesy and respect to the local residents and property owners. Please remember never to go off the road or trail, and please dispose of all trash in the garbage cans provided. Guide/interpreters will be on hand in the viewing area to provide information and assistance.  For more information, please call Civil Defense at 935-0031.

For the Hawaiian Volcanoes Observatory’s eruption updates online, please click on http://lavainfo.us/ .

The Big Island Visitors Bureau has created a new section of its website with all of the information we've been trying to get out to the public. Click on  http://www.bigisland.org/parks/939/volcano-eruption-update .

 

PREVIOUS POST: Kalapana Safe Viewing Program Opened to Public from March 8

The Kalapana Safe Viewing program at the volcanic eruption site is a wonderful natural attraction, and the County Civil Defense Agency wants all visitors to enjoy the experience in safety and comfort.

With that in mind, we encourage visitors to prepare not only for sunny days at the lava viewing sight but also for rain.  Please note that there are no shelters at the site in case of rain.

For your comfort and convenience, please prepare for rain keeping in mind any trip hazard:

·        An umbrella and/or

·        Windbreaker or raincoat

Visitors are also strongly advised to take the following gear for both safety and comfort:

·        Bottled water (2-3 quarts or liters per person)

·        Sturdy closed boots or shoes and socks

·        Flashlight (1 per person) and fresh batteries

·        Long pants

·        Sun hat and sunscreen

Visitors are allowed entry to the viewing area every day from 2 p.m., with the last vehicles admitted at 8:00 p.m. This will allow officials to ensure that everybody is out of the area by 10 p.m. The viewing area is closed between 10 pm and 2 pm.  This schedule is subject to change; hazardous conditions may require changes to the schedule or closure.

Visitors are reminded to obey all the warning signs and stay within the allowed areas to ensure their safety. The newly formed lava and black sand beach are extremely unstable, and can collapse into the ocean at any time. Visitors must stay well away from the volcanic steam clouds which contain hydrochloric acid and glass particles.

Please note:  There is no cell phone coverage in the viewing area.

We ask that visitors show the greatest courtesy and respect to the local residents and property owners. Please remember never to go off the road or trail, and please dispose of all trash in the garbage cans provided. Guide/interpreters will be on hand in the viewing area to provide information and assistance.  For more information, please call Civil Defense at 935-0031.

 

<Eruption update and current photos listed below >
 

Eruption Update 
Courtesy U.S. Department of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey

HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATE
Saturday, March 29, 2008 07:19 HST
(Saturday, March 29, 2008 17:19 UTC)


KILAUEA VOLCANO (CAVW#1302-01-)
19.42°N 155.29°W, Summit Elevation 4091 ft (1247 m)
Volcano Alert Level: WATCH
Aviation Color Code: ORANGE

This report, in addition to maps, photos, and webcam images (available using the menu bar above), was prepared by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO):

Activity Summary for last 24 hours: Kilauea Volcano is active at two locations. At the summit, the Halema`uma`u vent continued erupting ash and switching to a white plume just before 3 pm. Sulfur dioxide emission rates and seismic tremor levels continued elevated to several times background levels. At the coast, lava continued to flow into the ocean at the Waikupanaha and Ki ocean entries. The east margin of the flow field was active in two spots makai of the road.

Hazard Summary: Hazardous conditions exist in the summit area and the area between the rift zone (Pu`u `O`o to Kupaianaha) downslope to the ocean between Kalapana and Kapa`ahu.

1. Summit: The current increase in sulfur dioxide emission rates at the summit means that SO2 concentrations in the air are likely to be at hazardous levels for areas downwind of emission sources in Halema`uma`u crater. The National Park Service has closed Crater Rim Drive through the south caldera area until further notice (http://www.nps.gov/havo/closed_areas.htm). Most people are sensitive to sulfur dioxide at these levels. Children and individuals with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or other breathing problems especially should avoid downwind areas. During tradewind conditions (brisk winds from the northeast), concentrations will be highest and most hazardous in the south caldera: southwest rift zone, south caldera pullouts, and the Halema`uma`u overlook parking lot - The National Park Service has closed this section of Crater Rim Drive. During weak or southerly winds, concentrations may be high and hazardous throughout the summit area of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park and nearby communities. Stay informed about SO2 concentrations in continuously monitored areas at Jaggar Museum and Kilauea Visitor Center (http:// www.nature.nps.gov/air/webcams/parks/havoso2alert/havoalert.cfm).

The gas plume also includes fine rock dust downwind of the source. During the past few days, several people have reported a fine grit on their car windshields while driving under or in the ash plume along highway 11 and as far away as South Point. Information on the effects of ash are available at http://www.ivhhn.org/ and http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/ash/.

The possibility of future small explosions or eruption of lava from Halema`uma`u Crater cannot be ruled out.

2. Pu`u `O`o/July 21/TEB flow field: Vent areas and lava channels are hazardous and conditions can change rapidly. Sulfur dioxide emissions from Pu`u `O`o are high and result in hazardous concentrations downwind. Access to the 7/21 eruption site in the Kahauale`a Natural Area Reserve is closed (see http://www.state.hi.us/dlnr/chair/pio/HtmlNR/07-N076.htm). Wao Kele o Puna is also closed.

There continues to be a threat from lava flows to anyone within Royal Gardens subdivision and the coastal plain. As long as lava flows are active south of fissure D, the subdivision is within likely paths of future flows. The rootless shields, which are now less than two miles from the subdivision, can collapse and release lava flows that advance that distance within a few days. Tube- or channel-fed lava flows established within the subdivision and on the coastal plain remain a threat due to tube ruptures which can produce new lava flows. Lava flows advancing through vegetation are hazardous and can produce fire and methane explosions that propel chunks of lava and rock several feet into the air. Hawai`i County Civil Defense has been notified and is taking appropriate measures (www.lavainfo.us).

Lava entering the ocean poses two additional hazards - potential collapse and laze. Lava entering the ocean builds a delta over its own rubble that is extremely unstable. That delta can collapse without warning and expose very hot surfaces to waves which can explode and throw rock debris up to one-quarter mile inland. For these reason, spectators should avoid the delta and the area one-quarter mile inland. The interaction between seawater and lava produces a steam plume laced with acids and fine particles of volcanic glass or \'laze\' that is unhealthy if inhaled and can produce skin or eye irritation if contacted. Hawai`i County continues to open a public viewing area between 2 and 10 pm with the last car allowed in at 8 pm. For details, see www.lavainfo.us or call 961-8093.

TEB lava flows at the coast as of yesterday evening (from combined HVO and NPS eruption crew reports): Lava continued to flow into the ocean at 3 points on the Waikupanaha and Ki ocean entries. A long crack across the east portion of the Waikupanaha delta may indicate potential collapse; small pieces were reported breaking off yesterday evening. The eastern flow field margin was active at two locations makai of the access road producing some burning yesterday evening.

Last 24 hours at the Pu`u `O`o/TEB vent area: Incandescence was again seen from the TEB vent but not from the rootless shields or from the upper flow field. HVO geologists yesterday found no surface flows active other than a patch on the Kalalua flow and small breakouts on the coastal plain. The lava tube system seems, for the moment, to be stable and transporting lava efficiently to the ocean entries.

Diffuse but weak incandescence was observed overnight in Pu`u `O`o crater by webcam. The tiltmeter recorded weak deflation of the Pu`u `O`o/TEB vent over the past week. GPS receivers on opposite sides of the crater continued to record contraction at a rate averaging 2 cm/month over the past 3 months. Seismic tremor levels were at low values. The SO2 emission rate was about 2,500 tonnes/day on March 27.

Last 24 hours at Kilauea summit: Eruption of ash continued with a switch to a white plume just before 3 pm yesterday. Further analysis of ash fall data during the 3/27 white plume period showed that ash production did not diminish as was first thought. Instead, it appeared that the ash in the white plume contained more volcanic glass than ash from a brown plume. There were no new explosions. The base of the plume glowed dimly and incandescent fragments were ejected sporadically. Seismic tremor levels increased slightly when the plume turned to white. The summit tiltmeter network recorded no tilt signal above typical daily oscillations. Two small earthquakes were located beneath an area immediately to the east of Halema`uma`u Crater and one was located on south flank faults.

The sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rate from the summit continued to be elevated and was about 750-830 tonnes/day on Mar. 27 (measured twice,), compared to a background rate of between 150-200 tonnes/day. The reduced emissions were obtained on the white plume and are expected to increase with the resumption of the brown plume as has been observed earlier this week.

Sulfur dioxide concentrations were again below concern at Jaggar museum and Kilauea Visitors Center. Trade (northeasterly) winds kept gas emissions in the south caldera where SO2 concentrations were up to 40 ppm in areas downwind of Halema`uma`u Crater along Crater Rim Drive (mostly between Halema`uma`u parking lot and the southwest rift zone pullout during trade winds) and up to 140 ppm near the Halema`uma`u overlook close to the new vent.

Definitions of terms used in the update:

ppm: parts-per-million; 10,000 ppm = 1%.

mauka, makai: Hawaiian terms for the direction toward the mountains and toward the ocean, respectively.

incandescence: the production of visible light from a hot surface. The color of the light is related to the temperature of the surface. Some surfaces can display dull red incandescence at temperatures as low as 430 degrees Centigrade (806 degrees Fahrenheit). By contrast, molten lava displays bright orange to orange-yellow light from surfaces that are hotter than 900 degrees C (1,650 degrees F).

TEB: The most recent phase of activity started with a breakout from the perched channel/pond system on November 21, 2007 or Thanksgiving eve. TEB stands for Thanksgiving Eve Breakout.

kipuka: a Hawaiian word which describes an area of vegetation that is completely surrounded by active or inactive lava flows.

NPS eruption crew: a hardy band of experienced individuals who interpret active lava flow viewing for visitors while keeping them at a safe distance. The National Park Service (NPS) eruption crews normally work within the Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park but have been supporting the Hawai`i County lava viewing effort since it opened on Saturday, March 8, 2008.

rootless shields: Shield vents are normally built directly over a lava-supplying fissure, as is the case for the TEB shield. Rootless shield vents are not built directly over a lava-supplying fissure and are, instead, fed horizontally from a fissure via a lava tube. Rootless shields have been built over Kilauea lava tubes in the last few years.

perched ponds or channels: A lava pond or channel becomes perched above the surrounding terrain when repeated overflows build up their edges. The perching continues as long as the overflows continue. The channel developed by the July 21, 2007 eruption perched itself more than 100 feet above the pre-eruption ground surface.

gas emission rates: usually in metric tonnes (= 1,000 kilograms)/day if measured at HVO, a gas emission rate is the rate at which gas is released by a volcanic vent. Typical background SO2 emission rates for Kilauea are 150-200 tonnes/day from sources in Halema`uma`u crater and 1,500-3,000 tonnes/day from Pu`u `O`o vent. Once the gas is released into the air, the hazard it poses to living things is directly related to its concentration. Higher concentrations are found downwind of sources so changes in wind direction and speed can bring gases at hazardous concentrations into different areas.

LP earthquakes: Most volcanic earthquakes that occur in Hawai`i are short-period (SP) in nature, meaning that the shaking starts abruptly and contains relatively high frequency components; these quakes are usually associated with subsurface rock failure (breakage). Long-period (LP) earthquakes have lower frequency energy and emergent beginnings, meaning that their signals start with small amplitude and become stronger. LP earthquakes are usually associated with subsurface fluid movement.

DI tilt event: DI is an abbreviation for \\\'deflation-inflation\\\' and describes a volcanic event of uncertain significance. DI events are recorded by tiltmeters at Kilauea summit as an abrupt deflation of up to a few microradians in magnitude lasting several hours to 2-3 days followed by an abrupt inflation of approximately equal magnitude. The tilt events are usually accompanied by an increase in summit tremor during the deflation phase. A careful analysis of these events suggests that they may be related to changes in magma supply to a storage reservoir at less than 1 km depth, just east of Halema`uma`u crater. Usually, though not always, these changes propagate through the magma conduit from the summit to the eruption site, as many of the DI events at Kilauea summit are also recorded at a tiltmeter at Pu`u `O`o, delayed by 1-2 hours. DI events often correlate with pulses and/or pauses in the eruption at the Pu`u `O`o/July 21/TEB vents.


Maps, photos, webcam views, and other information about Kilauea Volcano are available at http://volcano.wr.usgs.gov/hvostatus.php. A daily update summary is available by phone at (808) 967-8862.

A map with details of earthquakes located within the past two weeks can be found at http://tux.wr.usgs.gov/

A definition of alert levels can be found at http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/2006/warnschemes.html


 

 

HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY INFORMATION RELEASE
Monday, March 24, 2008 14:43 HST (Tuesday, March 25, 2008 00:43 UTC)



KILAUEA VOLCANO (CAVW#1302-01-)
19.43°N 155.29°W, Summit Elevation 4009 ft (1222 m)
Volcano Alert Level: WATCH
Aviation Color Code: ORANGE

Halema`uma`u gas plume becomes ash-laden

There is now continuous emission of ash from the new gas vent in Halema`uma`u Crater, turning the formerly white cloud of fume a dusty-brown color. The top of the ash plume, which is currently being blown to the southwest of the Crater, reaches 0.5 to 1.0 mile above ground level. Hawai`i aviation agencies have been notified of the potential hazard to aircraft.

Last night, small incandescent particles were observed erupting from the vent below the Halema`uma`u Overlook. A few particles were ejected with sufficient velocity to be deposited on the rim of Halema`uma`u Crater. This morning, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory geologists reported finding Pele's hair, Pele's tears, and spatter in the overlook area, indicating that particles ejected overnight included molten lava-the first erupted from the new vent, which is now 30-35 m (100 ft) wide. The largest fragments of spatter, or blobs of molten rock, found on the crater rim are 10 cm (4 inches) in size.

The amount of lava erupted from the vent last night was small, but it represents the first lava erupted from anywhere in Halema`uma`u since 1982. Previous eruptions included lava flowing into the crater from fissure eruptions on its southwest rim in 1974 and 1971 and an 8 month eruption in Halema`uma`u in 1967-1968 that created a lake of lava that covered the entire crater floor.

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory continues to monitor the activity. Photos, text updates, a new Halema`uma`u Crater webcam, and details about the Kilauea 1924 explosive eruption can be found at the HVO website hvo.wr.usgs.gov.

USGS provides science for a changing world. For more information, visit www.usgs.gov.
Subscribe to USGS News Releases via our electronic mailing list (www.usgs.gov/newsroom/list_server.asp) or RSS (www.usgs.gov/rss/newsroom.rss) feed


 


 
 
HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATE
Monday, March 24, 2008 06:46 HST (Monday, March 24, 2008 16:46 UTC)


KILAUEA VOLCANO (CAVW#1302-01-)
19.43°N 155.29°W, Summit Elevation 4009 ft (1222 m)
Volcano Alert Level: WATCH
Aviation Color Code: ORANGE

This report, in addition to maps, photos, and webcam images (available using the menu bar above), was prepared by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO):

Activity Summary for last 24 hours: Kilauea Volcano is active at two different locations. Lava continued to flow into the ocean at the Waikupanaha and Ki ocean entries. The east margin of the flow field has not advanced significantly. At the summit, no new explosions have occurred but there was eruption of small incandescent particles overnight. Sulfur dioxide emission rates and seismic tremor levels continued elevated to several times background levels.

Hazard Summary: Hazardous conditions exist in four areas on Kilauea volcano - potentially harmful sulfur dioxide concentrations and possible small explosions at the summit, potentially harmful sulfur dioxide concentrations and unstable conditions around the Pu`u `O`o/July 21/TEB vent area, lava flow threat to the Royal Gardens subdivision and the coastal plain to the southeast, and hazardous conditions associated with lava entering the ocean.

1. The current increase in sulfur dioxide emission rates at the summit means that SO2 concentrations in the air are likely to be at hazardous levels for areas downwind of emission sources in Halema`uma`u crater. The National Park Service has closed Crater Rim Drive through the south caldera area until further notice (http://www.nps.gov/havo/closed_areas.htm). Most people are sensitive to sulfur dioxide at these levels. Children and individuals with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or other breathing problems especially should avoid downwind areas. During tradewind conditions (brisk winds from the northeast), concentrations will be highest and most hazardous in the south caldera: southwest rift zone, south caldera pullouts, and the Halema`uma`u overlook parking lot - The National Park Service has closed this section of Crater Rim Drive. During weak or southerly winds, concentrations may be high and hazardous throughout the summit area of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park and nearby communities. Stay informed about SO2 concentrations in continuously monitored areas at Jaggar Museum and Kilauea Visitor Center (http:// www.nature.nps.gov/air/webcams/parks/havoso2alert/havoalert.cfm).

The possibility of future small explosions from Halema`uma`u Crater cannot yet be ruled out.

2. Vent areas and lava channels are hazardous and conditions can change rapidly. Sulfur dioxide emissions from Pu`u `O`o are high and result in hazardous concentrations downwind. Access to the 7/21 eruption site in the Kahauale`a Natural Area Reserve is closed (see http://www.state.hi.us/dlnr/chair/pio/HtmlNR/07-N076.htm). Wao Kele o Puna is also closed.

3. There continues to be a threat from lava flows to anyone within Royal Gardens subdivision and the coastal plain. As long as lava flows are active south of fissure D, the subdivision is within likely paths of future flows. The rootless shields, which are now less than two miles from the subdivision, can collapse and release lava flows that advance that distance within a few days. Tube- or channel-fed lava flows established within the subdivision and on the coastal plain remain a threat due to tube ruptures which can produce new lava flows. Lava flows advancing through vegetation are hazardous and can produce fire and methane explosions that propel chunks of lava and rock several feet into the air. Hawai`i County Civil Defense has been notified and is taking appropriate measures (www.lavainfo.us).

4. Lava entering the ocean poses two additional hazards - potential collapse and laze. Lava entering the ocean builds a delta over its own rubble that is extremely unstable. That delta can collapse without warning and expose very hot surfaces to waves which can explode and throw rock debris up to one-quarter mile inland. For these reason, spectators should avoid the delta and the area one-quarter mile inland. The interaction between seawater and lava produces a steam plume laced with acids and fine particles of volcanic glass or 'laze' that is unhealthy if inhaled and can produce skin or eye irritation if contacted. Hawai`i County continues to open a public viewing area between 2 and 10 pm with the last car allowed in at 8 pm. For details, see www.lavainfo.us.

TEB lava flows at the coast as of yesterday evening (from combined HVO and NPS eruption crew reports): Lava continued to flow into the ocean at the Waikupanaha and Ki ocean entries with three strong steam plumes. The eastern margin of the flow field had not advanced and was 120 m (400 ft) west of the County viewing area. There was no burning in the kipuka consistent with a lack of flow activity along the western kipuka margin. The lava tube system seems, for the moment, to be stable and transporting lava efficiently to the ocean entries.

Last 24 hours of the TEB vent area: There was no incandescence from the TEB or rootless shields overnight. There was a breakout on the Kalalua flow west of Kalalua Cone that was indirectly visible to the HAVO eruption crew at the coast starting around 4:30 pm. Seismic tremor levels have been slowly increasing over the past week, but the levels remained at low values; the levels dropped to their pre-increase level starting at 10:35 pm.

Last 24 hours at Pu`u `O`o: Diffuse incandescence was observed again by webcam overnight in the crater. The tiltmeter recorded longer-term deflation from a source to the southeast. GPS receivers on opposite sides of the crater continued to record contraction at a rate averaging 2 cm/month over the past 3 months. Seismic tremor levels were slightly elevated but low values. The SO2 emission rate was about 2,900 tonnes/day on March 21.

Last 24 hours at Kilauea summit: There were no new explosions but there was eruption of small incandescent particles overnight that appeared to be waning this morning; some particles may have made it to the rim of Halema`uma`u Crater and will be sought out this morning to determine whether they are lava blobs or old rock fragments similar to the 3/19 deposits. Seismic tremor levels continued to be elevated above their already high pre-explosion levels with a small decrease starting at 9:30 pm. The summit tiltmeter network recorded continued weak deflation from a source in the southwest caldera although the shorter-term tilt does not point to a single source. One earthquake was located beneath the summit area and two just west of the southwest rift zone.

The sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rate from the summit continued to be elevated and was about 1,200 tonnes/day on Mar. 21, compared to a background rate of between 150-200 tonnes/day.

Sulfur dioxide concentrations were again below detection limits at Jaggar museum and Kilauea Visitors Center. Trade (northeasterly) winds kept gas emissions in the south caldera where SO2 concentrations were up to 40 ppm in areas downwind of Halema`uma`u crater along Crater Rim Drive (mostly between Halema`uma`u parking lot and the southwest rift zone pullout during trade winds) and up to 140 ppm near the Halema`uma`u overlook close to the new vent.

Definitions of terms used in the update:

ppm: parts-per-million; 10,000 ppm = 1%.

mauka, makai: Hawaiian terms for the direction toward the mountains and toward the ocean, respectively.

incandescence: the production of visible light from a hot surface. The color of the light is related to the temperature of the surface. Some surfaces can display dull red incandescence at temperatures as low as 430 degrees Centigrade (806 degrees Fahrenheit). By contrast, molten lava displays bright orange to orange-yellow light from surfaces that are hotter than 900 degrees C (1,650 degrees F).

TEB: The most recent phase of activity started with a breakout from the perched channel/pond system on November 21, 2007 or Thanksgiving eve. TEB stands for Thanksgiving Eve Breakout.

kipuka: a Hawaiian word which describes an area of vegetation that is completely surrounded by active or inactive lava flows.

NPS eruption crew: a hardy band of experienced individuals who interpret active lava flow viewing for visitors while keeping them at a safe distance. The National Park Service (NPS) eruption crews normally work within the Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park but have been supporting the Hawai`i County lava viewing effort since it opened on Saturday, March 8, 2008.

rootless shields: Shield vents are normally built directly over a lava-supplying fissure, as is the case for the TEB shield. Rootless shield vents are not built directly over a lava-supplying fissure and are, instead, fed horizontally from a fissure via a lava tube. Rootless shields have been built over Kilauea lava tubes in the last few years.

perched ponds or channels: A lava pond or channel becomes perched above the surrounding terrain when repeated overflows build up their edges. The perching continues as long as the overflows continue. The channel developed by the July 21, 2007 eruption perched itself more than 100 feet above the pre-eruption ground surface.

gas emission rates: usually in metric tonnes (= 1,000 kilograms)/day if measured at HVO, a gas emission rate is the rate at which gas is released by a volcanic vent. Typical background SO2 emission rates for Kilauea are 150-200 tonnes/day from sources in Halema`uma`u crater and 1,500-3,000 tonnes/day from Pu`u `O`o vent. Once the gas is released into the air, the hazard it poses to living things is directly related to its concentration. Higher concentrations are found downwind of sources so changes in wind direction and speed can bring gases at hazardous concentrations into different areas.

LP earthquakes: Most volcanic earthquakes that occur in Hawai`i are short-period (SP) in nature, meaning that the shaking starts abruptly and contains relatively high frequency components; these quakes are usually associated with subsurface rock failure (breakage). Long-period (LP) earthquakes have lower frequency energy and emergent beginnings, meaning that their signals start with small amplitude and become stronger. LP earthquakes are usually associated with subsurface fluid movement.

DI tilt event: DI is an abbreviation for 'deflation-inflation' and describes a volcanic event of uncertain significance. DI events are recorded by tiltmeters at Kilauea summit as an abrupt deflation of up to a few microradians in magnitude lasting several hours to 2-3 days followed by an abrupt inflation of approximately equal magnitude. The tilt events are usually accompanied by an increase in summit tremor during the deflation phase. A careful analysis of these events suggests that they may be related to changes in magma supply to a storage reservoir at less than 1 km depth, just east of Halema`uma`u crater. Usually, though not always, these changes propagate through the magma conduit from the summit to the eruption site, as many of the DI events at Kilauea summit are also recorded at a tiltmeter at Pu`u `O`o, delayed by 1-2 hours. DI events often correlate with pulses and/or pauses in the eruption at the Pu`u `O`o/July 21/TEB vents.


Maps, photos, webcam views, and other information about Kilauea Volcano are available at http://volcano.wr.usgs.gov/hvostatus.php. A daily update summary is available by phone at (808) 967-8862.

A map with details of earthquakes located within the past two weeks can be found at http://tux.wr.usgs.gov/

A definition of alert levels can be found at http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/2006/warnschemes.html
 


Last 24 hours at Kilauea summit: Tilt continued to show no to slow deflation with daily variability superimposed. Six small shallow earthquakes were located south of Halema`uma`u and within the upper East Rift Zone.

Seismic tremor levels have remained low.

Air quality has been good.

 

21 March 2008

TEB large skylight, channelized `a`a flow in Royal Gardens, Waikupanaha and Ki ocean entries, Halema`uma`u heavily fuming vent, and the explosion pit

Large skylight on the TEB tube near the top of Royal Gardens subdivision. The lava is flowing to the left, and small bubbles and other detail can be seen on the surface of the lava stream. The dark spots are bits of cooled lava crust being blown into the skylight by the helicopter.
 
Small channelized `a`a flow at about the middle of Royal Gardens subdivision.
 
Left. Large skylight on the TEB tube near the top of Royal Gardens subdivision. The lava is flowing to the left, and small bubbles and other detail can be seen on the surface of the lava stream. The dark spots are bits of cooled lava crust being blown into the skylight by the helicopter.Right. Small channelized `a`a flow at about the middle of Royal Gardens subdivision.
View of the Waikupanaha and Ki ocean entries and deltas looking east.
 
View of the Waikupanaha and Ki ocean entries and deltas looking west.
 
Left. View of the Waikupanaha and Ki ocean entries and deltas looking east. Right. View of the Waikupanaha and Ki ocean entries and deltas looking west.
Looking north at the heavily fuming vent in Halema`uma`u crater. Ash and debris ejected by the March 19 explosive eruption makes a light-colored swath that crosses the Halema`uma`u parking area and extends off to the left in the photo.
 
View of the explosion pit on the southeast wall of Halema`uma`u crater from the March 19 explosion. Photo is from a time-lapse camera in the HVO observation tower.
 
Left. Looking north at the heavily fuming vent in Halema`uma`u crater. Ash and debris ejected by the March 19 explosive eruption makes a light-colored swath that crosses the Halema`uma`u parking area and extends off to the left in the photo. Right. View of the explosion pit on the southeast wall of Halema`uma`u crater from the March 19 explosion. Photo is from a time-lapse camera in the HVO observation tower.

19 March 2008

PRESS RELEASE - Explosive eruption is first since 1924

Explosive eruption in Halema`uma`u Crater, Kilauea Volcano

View looking northwest at explosion debris on the Crater Rim Drive near the Halema`uma`u Overlook parking area. The largest fragments at this distance from the source vent (~350 m) are about 2 cm in diameter. Notice that the yellow stripes on the road are barely visible.
 
View of the Halema`uma`u Overlook parking area. The paved surface of the parking area was completely buried by a thin layer of debris.
 
Left. View looking northwest at explosion debris on the Crater Rim Drive near the Halema`uma`u Overlook parking area. The largest fragments at this distance from the source vent (~350 m) are about 2 cm in diameter. Notice that the yellow stripes on the road are barely visible. Right. View of the Halema`uma`u Overlook parking area. The paved surface of the parking area was completely buried by a thin layer of debris.
The largest block to be blasted out of Halema`uma`u was almost a meter across. It landed on the steel cable of the barrier adjacent to the trail adjacent to the Halema`uma`u Overlook.
 
The wooden fence of the overlook itself was bombarded by rocks. Nearly every rock on the surface in this photo was deposited by the explosion.
 
Left. The largest block to be blasted out of Halema`uma`u was almost a meter across. It landed on the steel cable of the barrier adjacent to the trail adjacent to the Halema`uma`u Overlook. Right. The wooden fence of the overlook itself was bombarded by rocks. Nearly every rock on the surface in this photo was deposited by the explosion.
Rocks ejected by the explosion created impact craters when they hit. Finer grained material was blown away during the impact.
 
Another view of an impact crater created by an ejected rock. Other impact craters can be seen in the background.
 
Left. Rocks ejected by the explosion created impact craters when they hit. Finer grained material was blown away during the impact.Right. Another view of an impact crater created by an ejected rock. Other impact craters can be seen in the background.
View of the small explosion crater, emitting fume, on the southeast wall of Halema`uma`u. The light gray material to the right of the fuming pit is part of the ash and debris deposit from the explosion. Halema`uma`u Overlook can be seen at the left edge of the frame.
 
Near vertical view down into the explosion crater. The crater is estimated at roughly 30 m across
 
Left. View of the small explosion crater, emitting fume, on the southeast wall of Halema`uma`u. The light gray material to the right of the fuming pit is part of the ash and debris deposit from the explosion. Halema`uma`u Overlook can be seen at the left edge of the frame.Right. Near vertical view down into the explosion crater. The crater is estimated at roughly 30 m across

 

15 March 2008

New gas vent at Halema`uma`u crater, and beautiful early morning views

View of the new gas vent at the base of the eastern wall of Halema`uma`u crater on March 14, 2008 from the Jaggar Museum overlook.
 
Closeup of the fume being emitted through rubble on March 14, 2008. The white fume is a mixture of condensed water vapor, sulfur trioxide, and invisible sulfur dioxide. The fume takes a pale bluish color if it contains very tiny sulfur particles (in center of fuming area). The fume takes on a yellowish tint if the sulfur particles are a bit larger.
 
Left. View of the new gas vent at the base of the eastern wall of Halema`uma`u crater on March 14, 2008 from the Jaggar Museum overlook. Right. Closeup of the fume being emitted through rubble on March 14, 2008. The white fume is a mixture of condensed water vapor, sulfur trioxide, and invisible sulfur dioxide. The fume takes a pale bluish color if it contains very tiny sulfur particles (in center of fuming area). The fume takes on a yellowish tint if the sulfur particles are a bit larger.
Early morning view of the fuming area on March 15, 2008 displaying dull red incandescence.
 
The gas plume at sunrise on March 15, 2008.
 
Left. Early morning view of the fuming area on March 15, 2008 displaying dull red incandescence. Right. The gas plume at sunrise on March 15, 2008.

14 March 2008

Visual/Infrared of channelized `a`a flow and exquisite view of Waikupanaha ocean entry

A channelized `a`a flow cascades down the east margin of the current flow field in Royal Gardens subdivision. The breakout source is near the former location of the Royal Ave. - Orchid St. intersection.  The channel, about 4 yards wide, merges into a broad distributary fan near the base of King Ave - the thermal image shows that the west lobe of the fan was active at this time.  View is to the north.
 
A channelized `a`a flow cascades down the east margin of the current flow field in Royal Gardens subdivision. The breakout source is near the former location of the Royal Ave. - Orchid St. intersection. The channel, about 4 yards wide, merges into a broad distributary fan near the base of King Ave - the thermal image shows that the west lobe of the fan was active at this time. View is to the north.
The east margin of the flow continues to expand on the coastal plain, burning into a kipuka on the east side of the active flow field. In this photo, the smooth, treeless surface of a surviving remnant of Highway 130 provides a nice pathway for lava to follow. The remnants of a destroyed structure are visible just right of center. View is to the southeast, and a sliver of the ocean is visible in the upper right corner.
 
View to west of the Waikupanaha ocean entry. The new delta has a surface area of about 13.5 acres. Flows encroaching into a kipuka along the east margin of the flow field traveled nearly 250 meters (~820 ft) in the last day and were within striking distance of the coast at noon today. Barring upslope changes, this flow lobe will reach the ocean later today or early tomorrow within 300 meters (~985 ft) of the lava viewing area.
 
Left. The east margin of the flow continues to expand on the coastal plain, burning into a kipuka on the east side of the active flow field. In this photo, the smooth, treeless surface of a surviving remnant of Highway 130 provides a nice pathway for lava to follow. The remnants of a destroyed structure are visible just right of center. View is to the southeast, and a sliver of the ocean is visible in the upper right corner. Right. View to west of the Waikupanaha ocean entry. The new delta has a surface area of about 13.5 acres. Flows encroaching into a kipuka along the east margin of the flow field traveled nearly 250 meters (~820 ft) in the last day and were within striking distance of the coast at noon today. Barring upslope changes, this flow lobe will reach the ocean later today or early tomorrow within 300 meters (~985 ft) of the lava viewing area.

11 March 2008

Steaming Waikupanaha ocean entry and the bench with three entries

Aerial view of the Waikupanaha ocean entry (steaming) and the ligh-colored pahoehoe flows that bring lava to the coast in the middle of the photo. The new trail and viewing area are located on the early 1990 pahoehoe flow in the foreground.
 
A closer look at the Waikupanaha delta, or bench showing at least three separate entries, some black patches of fresh pahoehoe on its surface, and a sliver of black sand along its edge. Note the Royal Gardens subdivision (this flow goes through the middle of what remains) and the plume from Pu`u `O`o over the horizon.
 
Left. Aerial view of the Waikupanaha ocean entry (steaming) and the ligh-colored pahoehoe flows that bring lava to the coast in the middle of the photo. The new trail and viewing area are located on the early 1990 pahoehoe flow in the foreground. Right. A closer look at the Waikupanaha delta, or bench showing at least three separate entries, some black patches of fresh pahoehoe on its surface, and a sliver of black sand along its edge. Note the Royal Gardens subdivision (this flow goes through the middle of what remains) and the plume from Pu`u `O`o over the horizon.

7 March 2008

Fast-moving `a`a channel, creation of a long delta, an active `a`a flow, and pahoehoe moves through forest in Royal Gardens subdivision

A fast-moving channel of `a`a two yards wide flows through Royal Gardens subdivision, over the former location of Royal Avenue.
 
New lava entering the sea has created a long delta over the past two days.  The new flows can be discerned by their lighter appearance compared to older lavas.
 
Left. A fast-moving channel of `a`a two yards wide flows through Royal Gardens subdivision, over the former location of Royal Avenue. Right. New lava entering the sea has created a long delta over the past two days. The new flows can be discerned by their lighter appearance compared to older lavas.
An active `a`a flow covers a recent pahoehoe flow in Royal Gardens, near the intersection of Royal Avenue and Orchid Street.
 
Pahoehoe moves through forest beside Prince Avenue in Royal Gardens subdivision.
 
Left. An active `a`a flow covers a recent pahoehoe flow in Royal Gardens, near the intersection of Royal Avenue and Orchid Street. Right. Pahoehoe moves through forest beside Prince Avenue in Royal Gardens subdivision.

6 March 2008

Lava reached the ocean, small delta, and path where crossed the coastal plain

Lava entered the ocean yesterday for the first time since June 2007. A small delta, extending for about 100 m along the face of the sea cliff, had been constructed by this morning.
 
A more distant view of the new ocean entry. The lighter colored lava extending from the ocean entry to the large kipuka in the background (site of the Royal Gardens subdivision) shows the path that the lava took as it crossed the coastal plain.
 
Left.Lava entered the ocean yesterday for the first time since June 2007. A small delta, extending for about 100 m along the face of the sea cliff, had been constructed by this morning. Right.A more distant view of the new ocean entry. The lighter colored lava extending from the ocean entry to the large kipuka in the background (site of the Royal Gardens subdivision) shows the path that the lava took as it crossed the coastal plain.

5 March 2008

Pahoehoe flow crosses lava access road and beautiful view of pahoehoe lava field

View to the northwest with Royal Gardens subdivision in the background. The active flow extends from the base of the pali at the subdivision and reaches to within about 100 meters of the gray-colored road just to the right of the intersection with the red-colored road.
 
Closer view of the terminus of the active flow approaching the resident access road. The margin of the flow has been outlined in red.
 
Left.Pahoehoe lava flow overruns the old access gravel road. Right.View of pahoehoe lava field.

4 March 2008

Active flow outlined in red, pahoehoe breakout and draining

View to the northwest with Royal Gardens subdivision in the background. The active flow extends from the base of the pali at the subdivision and reaches to within about 100 meters of the gray-colored road just to the right of the intersection with the red-colored road.
 
Closer view of the terminus of the active flow approaching the resident access road. The margin of the flow has been outlined in red.
 
Left.View to the northwest with Royal Gardens subdivision in the background. The active flow extends from the base of the pali at the subdivision and reaches to within about 100 meters of the gray-colored road just to the right of the intersection with the red-colored road. Right.Closer view of the terminus of the active flow approaching the resident access road. The margin of the flow has been outlined in red.
Pahoehoe breakouts like this one adorn the margin of the flow, especially near the flow terminus.
 
Another nice view of a pahoehoe draining into a low area along the flow margin.
 
Left.Pahoehoe breakouts like this one adorn the margin of the flow, especially near the flow terminus. Right.Another nice view of a pahoehoe draining into a low area along the flow margin.

1 March 2008

`A`a channel splits then joins together again and TEB flow advances across coastal plain

An `a`a channel splits only to come together again in the lower portion of the Royal Gardens subdivision.
 
The TEB flow advances eastward across the coastal plain, with a view of the remains of the Royal Gardens subdivision in the background.
 
Left.An `a`a channel splits only to come together again in the lower portion of the Royal Gardens subdivision. Right.The TEB flow advances eastward across the coastal plain, with a view of the remains of the Royal Gardens subdivision in the background.

 

 

29 September 2006

Campout flow stretches eastward to claim abandoned cars

Geologist mapping a new lobe of the Campout flow
 
Most of this part of Royal Gardens, at the base of the pali, was long since covered by lava.
Left. Geologist mapping a new lobe of the Campout flow, which reached Royal Gardens subdivision in the last few days. Royal Street climbs the pali in the background. Right. Most of this part of Royal Gardens, at the base of the pali, was long since covered by lava. The current lobe, however, found a small patch of unburied ground, and headed for the abandoned vehicles. By the time this picture was taken, the lobe was mostly stagnant.

Littoral explosions at East Ka`ili`ili

The ocean entry at East Ka`ili`ili has consolidated to a single point.
 
Small steam explosions at East Ka`ili`ili
Left. The ocean entry at East Ka`ili`ili has consolidated to a single point. The bench is not increasing in size because of constant, piecemeal collapse. The tube is feeding lava into the sea just below the water line. Dark, circular areas offshore of the steam plume result from upwelling heated water. Right. Small steam explosions at East Ka`ili`ili toss spatter several meters into the air. In the distance, a large plume rises from the East Lae`apuki entry. Photo taken 9-21-06.

20 September 2006

Breakout inland of East Lae`apuki steals show

Aerial view of  the lava bench at East Lae`apuki
 
Breakout from the lava tube
Left. Aerial view of the lava bench at East Lae`apuki, looking northeastward. The plume from the East Ka`ili`ili entry is drifting along shore toward the viewer. Silver lava at the top of the sea cliff near bench center marks the location of a brief breakout earlier in the day. Photo taken just before 2 p.m. Right. Breakout from the lava tube just inland of the sea cliff at East Lae`apuki resumed at about 3:30 p.m. This activity continued on-and-off until daybreak on September 21. Lava streamed over the sea cliff to fall about 15 meters onto the bench below.

Lava cascades produce both `a`a and pahoehoe

The breakout cascades over the sea cliff in two main branches.
 
The west and east flow-fronts advance neck-and-neck across the bench.
Left. The breakout cascades over the sea cliff in two main branches. The sea cliff to the west (left) is overhung, and the flow splits and freefalls in discrete globs that coalesce at the base of the cliff to form several braided streams. To the east, lava pours over the cliff in a single, broad sheet onto the bench. Right. The west and east flow-fronts advance neck-and-neck across the bench. The west flow is forming `a`a crust, while the crust on the east flow is mostly pahoehoe. The greater disruption of lava in the west stream as it goes over the sea cliff promotes the formation of `a`a.

12 September 2006

Fumed-wreathed new hole and East Lae`apuki lava bench

Wreathed in fume, a new hole at MLK venter
 
Lava bench at East Lae`apuki
Left. Wreathed in fume, a new hole (about one meter across) reveals the incandescent interior of an old spatter cone at the MLK vent. The photographer was standing above the vent, on the steep, cinder-covered slope on the south side of Pu`u `O`o. The MLK vent has not produced any lava flows for over a year, but magma is not far beneath the surface, as we know from incandescent areas that emit gases and a wide range of sounds, from sloshing to roaring to gas-jetting. Right. Lava bench at East Lae`apuki, with Pu`u `O`o cone on skyline at center. The bench has changed little in the last several weeks. A significant portion of its lava supply has been robbed by the Campout tube, which is feeding the East Ka`ili`ili entry. Fume from the latter entry is drifting past in the foreground.

Aerial view from Campout tube

Open channel wends its way past a forested kipuka on Pulama pali at the 800-ft elevation.
 
View looking downslope at a channeled flow near the 500-ft elevation.
Two aerial views of channeled flows that broke out from the Campout tube on September 10. Left. Open channel wends its way past a forested kipuka on Pulama pali at the 800-ft elevation. Right. View looking downslope at a channeled flow near the 500-ft elevation. The steam plume from the East Ka`ili`ili entry is visible in the distance.

31 August 2006

Pu`u `O`o cone crater and lava bench entry point

Aerial view looking across Pu`u `O`o crater
 
Lava bench at East Lae`apuki
Left. Aerial view looking across Pu`u `O`o crater to the southwest. A spot of red is visible in the East Pond vent, at the left end of the crater, where an active lava pond is sloshing about 20 m below the rim of the vent. In the distance, fume marks the course of the PKK lava tube; in the far distance a larger plume rises from where the tube reaches the sea at East Lae`apuki. Right. Lava bench at East Lae`apuki now has a single entry point on its western side. The bench is 960 m long by 340 m wide, with an area of 54 acres. The haze in the background is caused by the plume of volcanic gas and particulates from Pu`u `O`o. The trade winds typically blow the plume across the pali just west of the flow field.

Ocean entries and Campout skylight

Aerial view from the top of Pulama pali
 
Skylight near the head of the Campout tube
Left. Aerial view from the top of Pulama pali includes the two widely spaced ocean entries, which are 3 km apart. The East Ka`ili`ili entry, on the left, is fed by the Campout tube, which branches off of the main PKK tube at the 2300-ft elevation. The main PKK tube reaches the ocean at East Lae`apuki (right). Right. Skylight near the head of the Campout tube reveals the stream of lava within. The widest part of the stream is about 2.5 m in this view, which is looking down-tube.

8 August 2006

East Ka`ili`ili lava benches merge
One of several benches at East Ka`ili`ili, Kilauea volcano, Hawai`i
 
The flow atop the East Ka`ili`ili seacliff has widened from 80 m on August 5 to 425 m. Lava is going over the cliff along most of this width, and the three separate benches of August 5 have merged into one long bench measuring about 315 m long and 35-40 m wide. The newest finger to go over the cliff, on the east side of the flow, is forming yet another bench, shown here. It is 20-25 m wide, and up to 80 m long.

5 August 2006

Campout flow forms several benches at East Ka`ili`ili

Lava benches at East Ka`ili`ili, Kilauea volcano, Hawai`i
 
Lava entering sea, East Ka`ili`ili, Kilauea volcano, Hawai`i
Left. View is toward the southwest along the coast of Kilauea Volcano at the eastern edge of the new lava entry. Note multiple benches forming at base of seacliff, which is about 20 m tall. Right. Close view of lava spilling into the sea at nearest bench in left photo.

Inflation along margin of the Campout flow

Close view of margin of Campout flow, Kilauea volcano, Hawai`i
 
Lava spills from margin of Campout flow, Kilauea volcano, Hawai`i
Left. The margins of the Campout flow within about 1 km of the coast afford many opportunities to observe the way in which an active pahoehoe flow advances and inflates when lava continues to move beneath a flows hardened surface. The crust on this flow has been uplifted and cracked since it was emplaced. Lava is moving below the hardened crust, forcing the surface upward, and leaking from the edge. The margin is about 30 cm tall. Right. Close view of the same inflation offset about 1 minute later with lava leaking quickly from the edge of the flow. This process is occurring along the margins and middle of the Campout flow. Inflation can cause the surface of a flow to rise from tens of centimeters to meters within a few days.

4 August 2006

Campout flow reaches the ocean

Aerial view of lava entering sea, Kilauea volcano, Hawai`i
 
Aerial view of lava entering sea, Kilauea volcano, Hawai`i
Left. Campout flow finally reaches the sea in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, forming small bench at base of sea cliff. The new bench is about 55 m long and 8 m wide. Royal Gardens subdivision visible in top middle of photo. Right. Close view of lava spilling over sea cliff and growing bench.

Bite taken out of East Lae`apuki lava delta July 30

Aerial view of East Lae`apuki, Kilauea volcano, Hawai`i
 
At 12:47 p.m. on July 30, a 10-acre chunk of the west side of the bench broke off and fell into the water. Black line marks approximate edge of the bench before the collapse. During the collapse explosive activity bombarded the older lava delta and sea cliff on the western side of the bench, sending spatter and rock debris up to about 40 m inland—nearly half the distance to the rope barricade.

2 August 2006

Campout flow winding its way to the coast

Close view of margin of Campout flow, Kilauea volcano, Hawai`i
 
Close view of margin of Campout flow, Kilauea volcano, Hawai`i
Left. One of dozens of slowly advancing lobes of the Campout flow about 500 m from the ocean. The lobes are filling in the low areas of earlier paheohoe flows and tumuli (see cracked surface in upper left-hand corner) as they steadily make their way seaward. Pulama pali and Royal Gardens subdivision are visible in upper right. Right. Close view of active flow margin of a lobe of the Campout flow; lava is spilling from the edge of a flow that ruptured as the hardened crust was pushed upwards by lava moving below.

 

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